Joseph and Michael Hofer, 1918
Michael and his brother Joseph were Hutterite pacifists and conscientious objectors who both died in Leavenworth, Kansas on December 2, 1918, while imprisoned at the Fort Leavenworth military prison. In the spring of 1918, four young Hutterite men from the Rockport Colony in South Dakota were conscripted into the US Army. Three Hofer brothers: David (age 28), Michael (age 24), Joseph (age 23), and their brother-in-law, Jacob Wipf (age 30) were ordered to report for military training at Camp Lewis in Washington state. While traveling by military train to the camp, the four men were attacked by fellow army recruits who cut off their traditional beards and shaved their heads.
At Camp Lewis, the Hutterite men refused to wear military uniforms or comply with other work orders because of their stated religious beliefs against acting in any way that would further the cause of the war. They were court-martialed and sentenced to twenty years of hard labor at the federal military prison at Alcatraz. At Alcatraz, the men endured solitary confinement in a dark, wet, and cold basement, a starvation diet of bread and water, and torture including “high cuffing,” in which they were forced to stand at their cell doors with their hands chained high over their heads and only their toes touching the ground. The guards then beat them with knotted lashed until some of them passed out. Days later they were unable to put on jackets because their arms were so swollen.
In November 1918, the military ordered the Hutterite men tranferred to Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, where they were again chained in their cells and forced to stand for nine hours a day. Michael and Joseph soon became sick, either from pneumonia or from a flu plague that struck the area that fall. Joseph died on Nov. 29, and Michael died on Dec. 2. Their families had received word that they were sick, but they were only able to arrive in time to see the men briefly before they died. When Joseph’s wife begged to see him in his coffin, she found him dressed in the military uniform he had refused to wear while living.
Joseph and Michael’s bodies were transported back to South Dakota for burial by their families. Michael left behind his wife, Mary, and a young daughter. Joseph left behind his wife, also named Mary, and three children who were ages 2, 1, and an infant born in early 1919. After his two brothers died, David Hofer recalled standing in his cell with tears streaming down his face. His hands were chained, so he could only stand and weep. He was unexpectedly released from Leavenworth on Dec. 4 and allowed to go back to the Hutterite colony. The fourth Hutterite man, Jacob Wipf, remained in prison until Apr. 1919, when he was also released. Marginal Mennonite Society
Antiphon https://tinyurl.com/36yv2x69
I am the salvation of the people, says the Lord.
Should they cry to me in any distress,
I will hear them, and I will be their Lord for ever.
Almighty God,
to whom all hearts are open,
all desires, known,
and from whom no secrets are hid:
Cleanse the thoughts of our hearts
by the inspiration of your Holy Spirit,
that we may perfectly love you
and worthily magnify your holy name;
through Christ our Lord. Amen.
Music: https://tinyurl.com/ycn4djk5
O Lord, open my lips.
And my mouth will declare your praise.
Make haste, O God, to deliver me;
make haste to help me, O Lord.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit,
as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever. Amen.
Praise to you, O Christ, Alleluia!
HYMN: Latin; trans. John Mason Neale
Tune: Oriel https://tinyurl.com/4d5btvtn
1 To the name of our salvation
laud and honour let us pay,
which for many a generation
hid in God’s foreknowledge lay,
but with holy exultation
we may sing aloud to-day.
2 Jesus is the name we treasure,
name beyond what words can tell;
name of gladness, name of pleasure,
ear and heart delighting well;
name of sweetness passing measure,
saving us from sin and hell.
3 ‘Tis the name that whoso preacheth
speaks like music to the ear;
who in prayer this name beseecheth
sweetest comfort findeth near;
who its perfect wisdom reacheth
heavenly joy possesseth here.
4 Jesus is the name exalted
over every other name;
in this name, whene’er assaulted,
we can put our foes to shame:
strength to them who else had halted,
eyes to blind, and feet to lame.
5 Therefore we in love adoring
this most blessed name revere,
holy Jesu, thee imploring
so to write it in us here,
that hereafter heavenward soaring
we may sing with angels there.
PSALMS
Psalm 132 (Anglican Chant: https://tinyurl.com/tv4ygfu)
1 Lord, remember David *
and all his trouble;
2 How he sware unto the Lord *
and vowed a vow unto the Almighty God of Jacob;
3 I will not come within the tabernacle of mine house *
nor climb up into my bed;
4 I will not suffer mine eyes to sleep, nor mine eye-lids to slumber *
neither the temples of my head to take any rest;
5 Until I find out a place for the temple of the Lord *
an habitation for the mighty God of Jacob.
6 Lo, we heard of the same at Ephrata *
and found it in the wood.
7 We will go into his tabernacle *
and fall low on our knees before his footstool.
8 Arise, O Lord, into thy resting-place *
thou, and the ark of thy strength.
9 Let thy priests be clothed with righteousness *
and let thy saints sing with joyfulness.
10 For thy servant David’s sake *
turn not away the presence of thine Anointed.
11 The Lord hath made a faithful oath unto David *
and he shall not shrink from it;
12 Of the fruit of thy body *
shall I set upon thy seat.
13 If thy children will keep my covenant,
and my testimonies that I shall learn them *
their children also shall sit upon thy seat for evermore.
14 For the Lord hath chosen Sion to be an habitation for himself *
he hath longed for her.
15 This shall be my rest for ever *
here will I dwell, for I have a delight therein.
16 I will bless her victuals with increase *
and will satisfy her poor with bread.
17 I will deck her priests with health *
and her saints shall rejoice and sing.
18 There shall I make the horn of David to flourish *
I have ordained a lantern for mine Anointed.
19 As for his enemies, I shall clothe them with shame *
but upon himself shall his crown flourish.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son :
and to the Holy Ghost;
as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be :
world without end. Amen.
Psalm 133 (Anglican Chant: https://tinyurl.com/tlrm8lu)
1 Behold, how good and joyful a thing it is *
brethren, to dwell together in unity !
2 It is like the precious ointment upon the head,
that ran down unto the beard *
even unto Aaron’s beard, and went down to the skirts of his clothing.
3 Like as the dew of Hermon *
which fell upon the hill of Sion.
4 For there the Lord promised his blessing *
and life for evermore.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son :
and to the Holy Ghost;
as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be :
world without end. Amen.
Psalm 134 (Anglican Chant: https://tinyurl.com/v5kga57)
1 Behold now, praise the Lord *
all ye servants of the Lord;
2 Ye that by night stand in the house of the Lord *
even in the courts of the house of our God.
3 Lift up your hands in the sanctuary *
and praise the Lord.
4 The Lord that made heaven and earth *
give thee blessing out of Sion.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son :
and to the Holy Ghost;
as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be :
world without end. Amen.
Psalm 135 (Anglican Chant: https://tinyurl.com/w3blm5w)
1 O praise the Lord, laud ye the Name of the Lord *
praise it, O ye servants of the Lord;
2 Ye that stand in the house of the Lord *
in the courts of the house of our God.
3 O praise the Lord, for the Lord is gracious *
O sing praises unto his Name, for it is lovely.
4 For why? the Lord hath chosen Jacob unto himself *
and Israel for his own possession.
5 For I know that the Lord is great *
and that our Lord is above all gods.
6 Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he in heaven, and in earth *
and in the sea, and in all deep places.
7 He bringeth forth the clouds from the ends of the world *
and sendeth forth lightnings with the rain,
bringing the winds out of his treasures.
8 He smote the first-born of Egypt *
both of man and beast.
9 He hath sent tokens and wonders into the midst of thee,
O thou land of Egypt *
upon Pharaoh, and all his servants.
10 He smote divers nations *
and slew mighty kings;
11 Sehon king of the Amorites, and Og the king of Basan *
and all the kingdoms of Canaan;
12 And gave their land to be an heritage *
even an heritage unto Israel his people.
13 Thy Name, O Lord, endureth for ever *
so doth thy memorial, O Lord, from one generation to another.
14 For the Lord will avenge his people *
and be gracious unto his servants.
15 As for the images of the heathen, they are but silver and gold *
the work of men’s hands.
16 They have mouths, and speak not *
eyes have they, but they see not.
17 They have ears, and yet they hear not *
neither is there any breath in their mouths.
18 They that make them are like unto them *
and so are all they that put their trust in them.
19 Praise the Lord, ye house of Israel *
praise the Lord, ye house of Aaron.
20 Praise the Lord, ye house of Levi *
ye that fear the Lord, praise the Lord.
21 Praised be the Lord out of Sion *
who dwelleth at Jerusalem.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son :
and to the Holy Ghost;
as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be :
world without end. Amen.
Psalm 132 (LSB Tone G: http://oremus.org/chant/Psalm-132-LSB.mp3)
1 Remember, O LORD, in David’s favor,*
all the hardships he endured,
2 how he swore to the LORD*
and vowed to the Mighty One of Jacob,
3 “I will not enter my house*
or get into my bed,
4 I will not give sleep to my eyes*
or slumber to my eyelids,
5 until I find a place for the LORD,*
a dwelling place for the Mighty One of Jacob.”
6 Behold, we heard of it in Ephrathah;*
we found it in the fields of Jaar.
7 “Let us go to his dwelling place;*
let us worship at his footstool!”
8 Arise, O LORD, and go to your resting place,*
you and the ark of your might.
9 Let your priests be clothed with righteousness,*
and let your saints shout for joy.
10 For the sake of your servant David,*
do not turn away the face of your anointed one.
11 The LORD swore to David a sure oath
from which he will not turn back:*
“One of the sons of your body I will set on your throne.
12 If your sons keep my covenant and my testimonies that I shall teach them,*
their sons also forever shall sit on your throne.”
13 For the LORD has chosen Zion;*
he has desired it for his dwelling place:
14 “This is my resting place forever;*
here I will dwell, for I have desired it.
15 I will abundantly bless her provisions;*
I will satisfy her poor with bread.
16 Her priests I will clothe with salvation,*
and her saints will shout for joy.
17 There I will make a horn to sprout for David;*
I have prepared a lamp for my anointed.
18 His enemies I will clothe with shame,*
but on him his crown will shine.”
Glory be to the Father and to the Son*
and to the Holy Spirit;
as it was in the beginning,*
is now, and will be forever. Amen.
Psalm 133 (Plainsong: http://oremus.org/chant/Psalm-133.mp3)
1 Oh, how good and pleasant it is, *
when brethren live together in unity!
2 It is like fine oil upon the head *
that runs down upon the beard,
3 Upon the beard of Aaron, *
and runs down upon the collar of his robe.
4 It is like the dew of Hermon *
that falls upon the hills of Zion.
5 For there the LORD has ordained the blessing: *
life for evermore.
Psalm 134 (LSB Tone D: http://oremus.org/chant/Psalm-134-LSB.mp3)
1 Come, bless the LORD, all you servants of the LORD,*
who stand by night in the house of the LORD!
2 Lift up your hands to the holy place*
and bless the LORD!
3 May the LORD bless you from Zion,*
he who made heaven and earth!
Glory be to the Father and to the Son*
and to the Holy Spirit;
as it was in the beginning,*
is now, and will be forever. Amen.
Psalm 135 (Jason Silver: https://tinyurl.com/x69vtdh3)
Praise the Lord!
Praise the name of the Lord;
Give praise, O servants of the Lord,
You who stand in the house of the Lord,
In the courts of His temple.
Praise the Lord, for the Lord is good;
Sing to his name, for he is gracious.
For the Lord has chosen Jacob for himself,
Israel as his own possession.
For I know that the Lord is great;
Our Lord is above all gods.
Whatever the Lord pleases, so he does,
In heaven and on earth, in the ocean deep.
It is He who makes clouds to rise
Makes lightning, wind, and rain
He struck down the firstborn of Egypt…
Against Pharaoh and his servants.
Praise the Lord!
Praise the name of the Lord;
Give praise, O servants of the Lord,
You who stand in the house of the Lord,
In the courts of His temple.
Praise the Lord, for the Lord is good;
Sing to his name, for he is gracious.
For the Lord has chosen Jacob for himself,
Israel as his own possession.
He struck down many nations and
Killed many kings and rulers
And gave their land as a heritage,
A heritage to God’s people, Israel.
Your name, Lord, endures for ever,
Your fame throughout all time.
The Lord will defend his people,
Have compassion on his servants.
The idols of the nations are silver and gold,
The work of human hands.
They have mouths, but do not speak;
Have eyes, but do not see; have ears, but do not hear,
Those who make them, who trust them
Shall become like them!
O house of Israel, bless the Lord!
O house of Aaron, bless the Lord!
O house of Levi, bless the Lord!
O you that fear the Lord, bless the Lord!
Blessed be the Lord from Zion,
He who resides in Jerusalem.
Praise the Lord!
PRAYER
God, our helper,
you are strength greater than the mountains;
you look to our needs and watch over us day and night.
Teach us to hold confidently to your grace
that in times of fear and danger
we may know you are near and depend on you,
our sure deliverer. Amen. BCW
THE WORD OF GOD
You alone are the Lord.
You alone made heaven, even the heaven of heavens, with all their forces.
You made the earth and all that is on it, and the seas and all that is in them.
You preserve them all, and the heavenly forces worship you.
Lord God, you are the one who chose Abram.
You brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans and gave him the name Abraham.
You found him to be faithful before you,
and you made a covenant with him.
You promised to give to his descendants the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites,
the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites.
And you have kept your promise because you are righteous.
You saw the affliction of our ancestors in Egypt
and heard their cry at the Reed Sea.
You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh,
all his servants, and the people of his land.
You knew that they had acted arrogantly against our ancestors.
You made a name for yourself, a name that is famous even today.
You divided the sea before them so that they went through it on dry land.
But you cast their pursuers into the depths,
as a stone into the mighty waters.
With a pillar of cloud you led them by day
and with a column of lightning by night;
they lit the way in which the people should go.
You came down upon Mount Sinai and spoke with them from heaven.
You gave them proper judgments and true Instruction,
good statutes and commandments.
You made known to them your holy Sabbath,
and gave them commandments, statutes,
and Instruction through your servant Moses.
When they were hungry, you gave them bread from heaven;
when they were thirsty, you brought water out of the rock for them.
You told them to go in to possess the land that you had sworn to give them.
HYMN: Isaac Watts
Tune: Forest Green https://tinyurl.com/3pts8bhh
1 I sing the almighty power of God,
that made the mountains rise,
that spread the flowing seas abroad
and built the lofty skies.
I sing the wisdom that ordained
the sun to rule the day;
the moon shines full at his command,
and all the stars obey.
2 I sing the goodness of the Lord,
that filled the earth with food;
he formed the creatures with his Word,
and then pronounced them good.
Lord, how thy wonders are displayed,
where’er I turn my eye,
if I survey the ground I tread,
or gaze upon the sky!
3 There’s not a plant or flower below,
but makes thy glories known;
and clouds arise, and tempests blow,
by order from thy throne;
while all that borrows life from thee
is ever in thy care,
and everywhere that I could be,
thou, God, art present there.
I didn’t see a temple in the city, because its temple is the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb. The city doesn’t need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because God’s glory is its light, and its lamp is the Lamb. The nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth will bring their glory into it. Its gates will never be shut by day, and there will be no night there. They will bring the glory and honor of the nations into it. Nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who does what is vile and deceitful, but only those who are registered in the Lamb’s scroll of life.
Then the angel showed me the river of life-giving water, shining like crystal, flowing from the throne of God and the Lamb through the middle of the city’s main street. On each side of the river is the tree of life, which produces twelve crops of fruit, bearing its fruit each month. The tree’s leaves are for the healing of the nations. There will no longer be any curse. The throne of God and the Lamb will be in it, and his servants will worship him. They will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads. Night will be no more. They won’t need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, for the Lord God will shine on them, and they will rule forever and always.
HYMN: Walter Russell Bowie
Tune: Morning Song https://tinyurl.com/4c7s4yjf
1 O holy city, seen of John,
where Christ, the Lamb, doth reign,
within whose four-square walls shall come
no night, nor need, nor pain,
and where the tears are wiped from eyes
that shall not weep again.
2 O shame to us who rest content
while lust and greed for gain
in street and shop and tenement
wring gold from human pain,
and bitter lips in blind despair
cry ‘Christ hath died in vain!’
3 Give us, O God, the strength to build
the city that hath stood
too long a dream, whose laws are love,
whose ways are brotherhood,
and where the sun that shineth is
God’s grace for human good.
4 Already in the mind of God
that city riseth fair:
lo, how its splendour challenges
the souls that greatly dare;
yea, bids us seize the whole of life
and build its glory there.
Some people were talking about the temple, how it was decorated with beautiful stones and ornaments dedicated to God. Jesus said, “As for the things you are admiring, the time is coming when not even one stone will be left upon another. All will be demolished.” They asked him, “Teacher, when will these things happen? What sign will show that these things are about to happen?”
Jesus said, “Watch out that you aren’t deceived. Many will come in my name, saying, ‘I’m the one!’ and ‘It’s time!’ Don’t follow them. When you hear of wars and rebellions, don’t be alarmed. These things must happen first, but the end won’t happen immediately.”
Then Jesus said to them, “Nations and kingdoms will fight against each other. There will be great earthquakes and wide-scale food shortages and epidemics. There will also be terrifying sights and great signs in the sky. But before all this occurs, they will take you into custody and harass you because of your faith. They will hand you over to synagogues and prisons, and you will be brought before kings and governors because of my name. This will provide you with an opportunity to testify. Make up your minds not to prepare your defense in advance. I’ll give you words and wisdom that none of your opponents will be able to counter or contradict. You will be betrayed by your parents, brothers and sisters, relatives, and friends. They will execute some of you. Everyone will hate you because of my name. Still, not a hair on your heads will be lost. By holding fast, you will gain your lives.”
CANTICLE Isaiah 9; Isaiah 40:1-9; 1 John 1
(Dan Schutte: https://tinyurl.com/ybrvb259)
Awake from your slumber! Arise from your sleep!
A new day is dawning for all those who weep
The people in darkness have seen a great light
The Lord of our longing has conquered the night
Refrain:
Let us build the city of God
May our tears be turned into dancing!
For the Lord, our light and our love
Has turned the night into day!
We are sons of the morning; we are daughters of day
The One who has loved us has brightened our way. Refrain
God is light; in him there is no darkness
Let us walk in his light, his children, one and all. Refrain
O comfort my people; make gentle your words
Proclaim to my city the day of her birth. Refrain
THE PRAYERS AAPB
Eternal God,
you raised Jesus our Lord from death and gave him glory,
and through him you called your church into being
that your people might know you,
and that they might make your Name known:
We give thanks
for the gospel committed to your church for the whole world
for the continuing presence and power of the Holy Spirit
for the ministry of word, sacrament, and prayer . . .
for the mission you have called us to share
for the call to unity and its fruit in common action
for the faithful witness of those who follow our Lord . . .
for all works of Christian compassion
for every service which proclaims your love . . .
We pray for the church
universal and local . . .
the ministries of the church . . .
the mission of the church . . .
the renewal of the church . . .
our fellow Christians in this place . . .
In peace and unity may your people offer you the unfailing
sacrifice of praise,
that the whole world may know your rule,
and all nations know your salvation and your glory;
through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
Setting by Eric Wyse:2
Our Father in heaven,
hallowed be your Name,
your kingdom come,
your will be done,
on earth as in heaven.
Give us today our daily bread;
and forgive us our sins
as we forgive those who sin against us.
Save us from the time of trial
and deliver us from evil.
For the kingdom, the power, and the glory are yours,
now and for ever. Amen.
Almighty God, who gave your servants Joseph and Michael Hofer boldness to confess the Name of our Savior Jesus Christ before the rulers of this world, and courage to die for this faith: Grant that we may always be ready to give a reason for the hope that is in us, and to suffer gladly for the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen. BCP79
Music: https://tinyurl.com/y9efvwm5
Let us bless the Lord.
Thanks be to God.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God,
and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with us all. Amen. 2 Cor. 13:14
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BCW Book of Common Worship, Presbyterian Church U.S.A., 1993.
AAPB An Australian Prayer Book, © 1978 Anglican Church of Australia
2 Eric Wyse, Lord’s Prayer, ©; audio from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_a40ME7aVk
BCP79 The Book of Common Prayer (1979), The Episcopal Church
The three main scripture readings are © 2011 Common English Bible.
The traditional language psalms are from The Book of Common Prayer (1662). The modern language versions of Psalms 132 and 134 are in the version used in Lutheran Service Book: Pew Edition Concordia Publishing House, and are from the Next to the Word of God YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkVRYL-MRebncw584Ql2xfg. Psalm 133 is from The Book of Common Prayer (1979) and is sung by Ryland Angel. Psalm 135 is by Jason Silver https://jasonsilver.com/.
Musical links are usually either to artists’ albums posted on Spotify or to recordings made available at smallchurchmusic.com. Audio stripped from YouTube videos is footnoted accordingly above.
Compilation © 2024 Stephen T. Benner. All links worked at the time they were created, but I cannot accept responsibility for their content or any damage resulting from their use. The linked content is under the control of the respective content creators and is subject to change at any time. Any copyright texts included in this compilation are provided for non-commercial purposes related to study or worship. Please contact the respective copyright holders for permission to use the texts in other contexts.
Oremus 